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Answers to Questions Answers not supplied for general or open-ended questions. Q.1 Probably the
most accurate count to date was 8-8-98, 634 birds. How many birds
more than this exist depends on faith in the roost-site-count technique.
Perhaps 700 birds is a reasonable estimate? Q.2 On map (Figure
1) Q.3 Present range
(Extent of Occurrence) = c. 16-20,000 (av. 18,000) km2. (A.O.[stringybark]
= c.25% of E.O.or 4,500km2) Q.4 Past range
(stringybark = E.O.= A.O.) = 40-48,000 (av. 44,000) km2 Q.5 Past range
44,000 x pop. density 0.15/km2 = 6,600 birds past population (pre
White settlement); 89% decline to the present day Q.6 0.5%/year
decline (from 1830 figure); 35% decline in last 10 years; 51% decline
in last 20 years Q.7 N/A Q.8 On Figure
5 (Population = ‘Endangered’; Range = ‘Vulnerable’;
Decline = ‘Vulnerable’). Q.9 Probably ‘Endangered’
(this is the classification under the Endangered Species Protection
Act 1992, though Garnett in the Recovery Plan has classified it
as ‘Critically Endangered’ due to the small number of
breeding birds - probably under 250, and the fact that they are
confined to a single subpopulation). Q.10 Depends on
whether student believes species should be classified at the highest
threat category recorded, or the "mean" category. Q.11 10 nests Q.12 66%; yes,
a high success rate. Q.13 10 X 0.66
= 6.6 fledglings/year (av.) Q.14 Yes, more
juveniles observed than nests/fledglings recorded; many nest sites
not found (possibly more nest in stringybark blocks than originally
thought). Q.15 11,000/181,000
= 6% of public land volume; + 4% = 10% of total Vic. firewood (185,000M3) Q.16 1.469/2.5
per household = 587,000 households X 19% = 111,644 X 6.7M3 = 748,015M3/10
= 74,802M3. Q.17 185,000 +
74,802 = 259,802M3 Q.18 Red Gum Q.19 Private land Q.20 c. 9,500;
not known; if all fledged birds live 50 years, 700 in population
and pop. stable, then lose 14 birds year = 14 need to be fledged
for replacement, X breeding success rate of 66% = 21 nests/trees?
Of course, mortality would be considerably higher than this and
thus greater breeding effort, and therefore trees, required; a lot
of potential nest trees are being removed, but requirements seem
low? (It is probably the location of certain nest trees relative
to food sources that is critical, not the overall number, at least
at this stage) Q.21 No; truer
figure would be under half this as only 45% of wood actually enters
the market and not all is sold retail. Q.22 N/A Q.23 Sheep (profit):
Yr 1 $150 Yr 15 $2,250; Wood (profit): Yr 1 -$1,108 Yr 15 $6,542 Q.24 Sheep: $1,284
Wood: $1,392 Q.25 Increase
wood growth (output), increase demand and/or price, decrease costs Q.26 N/A Q.27 Transport
costs Q.28 $1.15/km
X c. 760 km (Adelaide-Naracoorte round trip) = $874 Q.29 259,802M3/15
= 17,320ha woodlot; no, because demand so large and markets (Melb./Adel.)
too distant, but local/regional supply O.K., e.g. Naracoorte need
woodlot of 250ha. Q.30 Environmental
and productivity gains Q.31 N/A Q.32 Commercial
collectors because fewer and larger so can be monitored more easily
compared to diffuse domestic collectors. Q.33 45% at best
(public land collection) Q.34 N/A Q.35 Very difficult
to implement (firewood, safety, aesthetic concerns etc.) Q.36 N/A Q.37 Key point
is that change in one area will affect all other areas, therefore
need to integrate policy components. Q.38 As per Q.
37 Q.39 Probably
a combination of all three would be most effective Q.40 Probably
both will be required Q.41 N/A Q.42 N/A Q.43 N/A Q.44 N/A Q.45 Possibly,
as same genus, but some other members, e.g. Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo,
more Catholic in their feeding habits - ? Q.46 Yes, as Drooping
Sheoak and Buloke same genus (Allocasuarina) Q.47 Sand-clay
loams; fresh groundwater; nutrient rich Q.48 Key RTBC
stringybark feeding area is probably the northern two-thirds of
Hausler’s Block (north of track), particularly along the eastern
boundary.This area would produce fruit for c. 18 months 6 months
post flowering. Q.49 N/A Q.50 The RTBC
would probably benefit from less frequent burning than every eight
years, certainly of the canopy at least, but, a frequency of, say,
15-20 years may not benefit the healthy understorey and associated
fauna - ? Q.51 Do stringybarks
flower every three years? What effect has fire frequency, intensity,
season on flowering and fruiting? What effect has soil, groundwater,
nutrients, block size etc. on stringybark fruiting? Etc...
Extension - Answers 1. c. 12% Threatened
and 7% Near Threatened 2. c. 13.4% Threatened
and 6% Near Threatened (Action Plan for Australian Birds 2000) 3. (see Ext.
Material 5); Two are Threatened or Near Threatened (Action Plan
for Australian Birds 2000): graptogyne Endangered C2b, and naso
Near Threatened 4. N/A 5. A combination of low wool
prices, increasingly globalised markets, low tariffs and the presence
of large, agricultural businesses is fuelling the drive for increased
production from every hectare. 6. Depends whether potential
loss of habitat will be offset by the increased prosperity of certain
holdings leading to land being set aside. 7. N/A 8. Very important, identified as fifth most important threatening process for Australian birds (Garnett 2000)
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